Fodder for ruminants

ABSTRACT

N-acyl-methionine is added to ruminant fodder.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 852,706, filed Nov. 18, 1977 and now abandoned and is a division of application Ser. No. 330,110, filed Feb. 16, 1973 and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,740.

The invention is directed to the use of N-acylmethionine in fodder for ruminants, e.g. cattle, sheep, goats, deer or antelope.

It is known to add aminoacids to provender. Thus, for example, methionine effects a considerable qualitative improvement in the protein component of fodder in which this aminoacid is not present in sufficient amount for the animal, i.e. in which the protein component is poor in methionine. In this case the addition of methionine causes a considerable improvement in the growth rate and in the value of the fodder. This result, however, until now has only been produced with monogastric animals.

The feeding or nutrient physiology of ruminants differs substantially from that of monogastric animals. It is known that ruminants have several stomachs. The first, by far the greatest stomach, the pauch, contains a specific microflora of bacteria and protozoa which breakdown added synthetic aminoacids before they are utilizable for the animal (J. Animal Sc. Vol. 14(1955) pages 132-136). Besides there are found in the pauch enzyme systems which can synthesize aminoacids from ammonia and fatty acids or carbon compounds. As appears from experiments it is actually possible to nourish ruminants without any nutriment protein if there is fed sufficient nonprotein nitrogen, for example, urea and carbon compounds (see, for example, Annal Sci. Fennicae A II 141 (1968), pages 3-21). For these reasons it is not expected that a qualitative improvement of the fodder of ruminants would occur by addition of aminoacids. This has been confirmed by experiments (J. Animal Sci. Vol. 9(1950661; Vol. 10(1951) 439-446 and 1052; Vol. 14(1955) 132-136).

It has now been found that N-acylmethionines of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical, are suitable for use for fodder. Surprisingly the addition of this kind of compound as a fodder additive results in a considerable improvement, for example, in the growth of wool in sheep. Preferred are N-acyl-methionines that have 7 to 21 carbon atoms in the carbon radical. Examples of the preferred additives are N-stearoyl-methionine, N-oleoylmethionine, N-decanoyl-methionine, N-isodecanoyl methionine, N-pelargonoyl-methionine, N-lauroyl-methionine, N-palmitoylmethionine, N-arachidoyl-methionine, N-behenoyl-methionine, N-delta-9-decylenoyl-methionine, N-palmitoleoyl-methionine, N-linoleoyl-methionine, N-myristoyl-methionine, N-eleostearoylmethionine, N-cetoleoyl-methionine, N-octenoyl-methionine and N-capryloyl-methionine. Other but less preferred N-acyl compounds are N-acetyl-methionine, N-pivaloyl-methionine, N-acryloylmethionine, N-propionyl methionine, N-caproyl-methionine, N-butyryl-methionine, N-valeroyl-methionine and N-isovaleroylmethionine.

In addition to sheep, as stated, the N-acyl-methionine can be added to the fodder of other ruminants such as cattle, goats, deer and antelope, for example.

The N-acyl-methionine compounds used in the invention can be made by known methods, for example, by reaction of methionine with the corresponding acid chloride, e.g. stearoyl chloride, oleoyl chloride, decanoyl chloride, capryloyl chloride, caproyl chloride or acetyl chloride in the presence of alkali, e.g. sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

The N-acyl-methionines can be added directly to fodder. Generally they are admixed with customary fodders or provender or they can be used with premixtures such as vitamin and mineral mixtures or they can be used with urea-fodder.

The amount of N-acyl-methionine employed can vary within wide ranges. Usually based on the entire amount of fodder for one day the amount of N-acyl-methionine being such as to provide methionine is about 0.01 to 5% based on the dry material of the fodder, preferably about 0.03 to 1%.

Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1

The experimental animals were 12 male sheep (Merinos). As the base fodder there was used for each animal daily 1000 to 1300 grams of a mixture of 10.8% grass meal, 44.9% oat shell meal, 42.9% tapioca, 0.86% urea and 0.54% mineral mixture for cattle. In a preliminary period of 5 weeks all of the animals were supplied exclusively with this base fodder. In a subsequent preminary period of 5 weeks they were foddered in three different groups containing 4 animals each:

Group I animals 1 to 4, only base fodder.

Group II animals 5 to 8, daily addition of 5.0 grams of methionine to the base fodder.

Group III animals 9 to 12, daily addition of 13.9 grams of N-stearoyl-methionine to the base fodder.

At the end of the preliminary and the main periods the yield of wool on each animal was determined on an indicated shearing of fleece before beginning the experiment. The results are set forth in the following table:

    ______________________________________                                                      Pre-                                                                           liminary Period                                                                           Primary Period                                                      Wool Yield Wool Yield                                                                % of             % of                                                    Grams Group I  Grams   Group I                                    ______________________________________                                         Group I   animal 1 77.4           73.9                                                   animal 2 58.2           53.9                                                   animal 3 65.2           59.9                                                   animal 4 64.4           66.7                                         Group Average      65.5    100    63.6  100                                    Group II  animal 5 61.5           63.1                                                   animal 6 68.9           65.6                                                   animal 7 58.2           57.9                                                   animal 8 76.3           79.3                                         Group Average      66.2    101    66.5  104                                    Group III animal 9 58.2           71.1                                                   animal 10                                                                               64.3           80.8                                                   animal 11                                                                               73.2           87.1                                                   animal 12                                                                               65.4           86.7                                         Group Average      64.2    98     81.3  128                                    ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 2

The process was the same as in example 1 except that in the primary period the 4 animals in Group III were given daily 13.9 grams of N-oleoyl-methionine instead of N-stearoyl-methionine as the base fodder additive.

    ______________________________________                                                      Pre-                                                                           liminary period                                                                           Primary Period                                                      Wool Yield Wool Yield                                                                % of             % of                                                    Grams Group I  Grams   Group I                                    ______________________________________                                         Group I   animal 1 74.4           73.9                                                   animal 2 58.2           53.9                                                   animal 3 65.2           59.9                                                   animal 4 64.4           66.7                                         Group Average      65.5    100    63.6  100                                    Group II  animal 5 61.5           63.1                                                   animal 6 68.9           65.6                                                   animal 7 58.2           57.9                                                   animal 8 76.3           79.3                                         Group Average      66.2    101    66.5  104                                    Group III animal 13                                                                               62.9           80.5                                                   animal 14                                                                               65.1           79.3                                                   animal 15                                                                               73.6           87.4                                                   animal 16                                                                               57.4           78.7                                         Group Average      64.8    99     83.1  138                                    ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 3

The process was the same as in example 1 except that in the primary period the 4 animals in Group III were given daily 10.2 grams of N-decanoyl-methionine instead of N-stearoylmethionine as the fodder additive

    ______________________________________                                                      Pre-                                                                           liminary Period                                                                           Primary Period                                                      Wool Yield Wool Yield                                                                % of             % of                                                    Grams Group I  Grams   Group I                                    ______________________________________                                         Group I   animal 1 74.4           73.9                                                   animal 2 58.2           53.9                                                   animal 3 65.2           59.9                                                   animal 4 64.4           66.7                                         Group Average      65.5    100    63.6  100                                    Group II  animal 5 61.5           63.1                                                   animal 6 68.9           65.6                                                   animal 7 58.2           57.9                                                   animal 8 76.3           79.3                                         Group Average      66.2    101    66.5  104                                    Group III animal 17                                                                               63.5           73.8                                                   animal 18                                                                               68.7           75.0                                                   animal 19                                                                               72.1           76.9                                                   animal 20                                                                               68.0           80.9                                         Group Average      68.9    104    76.5  120                                    ______________________________________                                     

What is claimed is:
 1. A process of feeding ruminants which are cattle having a paunch containing a microflora of bacteria and protozoa which normally break down added synthetic aminoacids comprising feeding them fodder which goes to the paunch, said fodder containing an N-acyl-methionine of the formula: ##STR2## where R is a aliphatic hydrocarbon having 7 to 21 carbon atoms as a source of methionine which is not broken down in said paunch.
 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the fodder is a base fodder and the N-acyl-methionine is present in an amount equivalent to 0.01 to 5% of methionine, and is also fed in an amount effective to increase the growth of the ruminants.
 3. The process of claim 2 wherein the fodder includes grass.
 4. The process of claim 2 wherein R is a straight chain hydrocarbon group.
 5. A process of feeding ruminants which are cattle, having a paunch containing a microflora of bacteria and protozoa which normally break down added synthetic aminoacids comprising feeding them fodder which goes to the paunch, said fodder containing a N-acyl-methionine of the formula: ##STR3## where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 7 to 21 carbon atoms as a source of methionine which is not broken down in said paunch in an amount equivalent to 0.01 to 5% of methionine. 